Boost Transplanted Hair Growth: Effective Tips
Boost Transplanted Hair Growth: Effective Tips Are you looking for ways to enhance the growth of your transplanted hair? In this article, we will explore effective hair restoration techniques and hair transplant tips to help you achieve the fuller and healthier look you desire.
Key Takeaways:
- Understanding the basics of hair transplantation can help you better promote hair growth after the procedure.
- Proper post-transplant hair care is essential for encouraging healthy hair growth.
- Scalp massage and stimulation techniques can boost blood circulation, aiding in faster hair growth.
- Nourishing your transplanted hair through diet and supplements can contribute to its growth and health.
- Gentle hair care practices and proper sun protection are crucial for maintaining the growth of transplanted hair.
Understanding Hair Transplantation
Before diving into the tips on promoting hair growth after transplantation, it’s important to have a basic understanding of the hair transplantation procedure and its impact on hair growth. Hair transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves removing hair follicles from one area of the body, known as the donor site, and implanting them into the balding or thinning areas, known as the recipient site.
This procedure is primarily used to restore hair in individuals experiencing male pattern baldness or female pattern hair loss. It can also be used to restore hair in areas affected by injury, burns, or surgical procedures.
Hair transplantation works by taking hair follicles from areas of the scalp that are genetically resistant to hair loss, such as the back and sides of the head, and placing them in the areas where hair is thinning or has been lost.
Once the hair follicles are transplanted, they will begin to grow naturally in their new location. However, it’s important to note that the transplanted hair will initially shed within a few weeks after the procedure. This shedding is a normal part of the hair growth cycle and should not cause concern.
Over time, the transplanted hair follicles will begin to produce new hairs, resulting in improved hair density in the recipient site. It’s essential to follow proper post-transplant care to ensure optimal growth and longevity of the transplanted hair.
Proper Post-Transplant Hair Care
After undergoing a hair transplant, proper post-transplant hair care is crucial for encouraging optimal hair growth and ensuring the longevity of your new strands. By following the recommended care routines and taking the necessary precautions during the recovery period, you can promote a healthy environment for your transplanted hair to thrive.
1. Follow your surgeon’s instructions
First and foremost, it is important to carefully follow the post-transplant care instructions provided by your surgeon. They will provide you with specific guidelines tailored to your unique situation, including details on washing your hair, avoiding activities that may disrupt the healing process, and using any prescribed medications or ointments.
2. Gently wash your hair
When it comes to washing your transplanted hair, gentle is the key word. Use a mild shampoo and lukewarm water to cleanse your scalp. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing vigorously, as this can dislodge the transplanted follicles. Instead, gently massage the shampoo into your scalp using your fingertips, and rinse thoroughly.
3. Protect your scalp from sunlight
During the first few weeks following your hair transplant, it is essential to protect your scalp from direct sunlight. UV rays can be harmful and may negatively impact the healing process. Wear a hat or use a sunscreen specifically formulated for the scalp to shield your delicate skin from the sun’s rays.
4. Avoid excessive heat and styling
While it may be tempting to style your hair using heat tools or subject it to harsh chemical treatments, it is best to avoid such practices during the initial stages of your recovery. Excessive heat and styling can damage your transplanted hair and delay the healing process. Opt for gentle styling techniques and heat-free styling alternatives until your surgeon gives you the green light to resume regular styling practices.
5. Maintain a healthy diet
Proper nutrition plays a vital role in promoting hair growth and overall hair health. Ensure you are consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins to provide your transplanted hair with essential nutrients. Incorporate foods like leafy greens, fruits, lean proteins, and nuts into your meals for optimal hair growth.
6. Be patient
Hair growth takes time, and it is important to be patient throughout the process. It may take several months for the transplanted hairs to start growing. Refrain from unnecessary stress or anxiety and trust in the expertise of your surgeon. With proper care and patience, you will begin to see the positive results of your hair transplant.
Remember, the key to successful post-transplant hair care is gentle treatment, following your surgeon’s instructions, and providing your hair with the nourishment it needs.
Post-Transplant Hair Care Tips | Benefits |
---|---|
Follow surgeon’s instructions | Ensures proper healing and minimizes complications |
Gently wash your hair | Prevents damage to transplanted follicles |
Protect your scalp from sunlight | Prevents sunburn and supports the healing process |
Avoid excessive heat and styling | Prevents damage and breakage of transplanted hair |
Maintain a healthy diet | Provides essential nutrients for hair growth |
Be patient | Allows time for transplanted hair to grow |
Scalp Massage and Stimulation
One effective way to boost hair growth after transplantation is through scalp massage and stimulation techniques. These methods have been known to increase blood circulation to the scalp, promoting healthier and faster hair growth.
Performing regular scalp massages can help stimulate the hair follicles and improve nutrient delivery to the hair roots. The increased blood flow nourishes the transplanted hair, encouraging its growth and overall thickness.
To perform a scalp massage:
- Start by applying a few drops of natural oil, such as coconut or jojoba oil, to your fingertips. This will help lubricate the scalp and reduce friction during the massage.
- Using your fingertips, gently massage the scalp in circular motions, applying slight pressure. Start from the forehead and move towards the back of the head.
- Continue massaging for about 5-10 minutes, focusing on areas where the transplantation was done.
- For better results, you can also use a specialized scalp massage tool, such as a handheld electric massager or a scalp brush.
In addition to scalp massages, you can also stimulate hair growth by performing exercises that activate blood circulation to the scalp. For example, try bending forward and upside down for a few minutes each day. These positions help increase blood flow to the scalp, nourishing the transplanted hair follicles.
Remember, consistency is key when it comes to scalp massage and stimulation. Aim to perform these techniques at least 2-3 times a week to stimulate hair growth and see visible improvements over time.
Nourishing Your Transplanted Hair
Ensuring that your newly transplanted hair receives the right nutrients is vital for its growth and overall health. By following these best practices for nourishing your hair through diet and supplements, you can enhance the results of your hair transplant and promote healthy hair growth.
Eat a Balanced Diet
An essential aspect of nourishing your transplanted hair is maintaining a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients. Incorporating the following foods into your meals can provide your hair with the necessary vitamins and minerals:
- Lean proteins like chicken, fish, and eggs, which are rich in amino acids necessary for hair growth
- Leafy green vegetables such as spinach and kale, which are high in iron and antioxidants
- Fruits like berries and citrus fruits, which contain vitamins A, C, and E
- Healthy fats from sources like nuts, avocados, and olive oil, which contribute to shiny and moisturized hair
- Whole grains like brown rice and quinoa, which provide biotin and other B vitamins
Remember to stay hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water each day, as hydration is crucial for overall hair health.
Supplement with Hair Growth Vitamins
In addition to a healthy diet, certain hair growth supplements can offer additional support for nourishing your transplanted hair. These supplements often contain key nutrients such as biotin, vitamin D, zinc, and iron, which are known to promote hair growth and thickness. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen to ensure they align with your specific needs and medical history.
Protect Your Hair from Damage
To maximize the nourishment of your transplanted hair, it’s crucial to protect it from damage caused by heat styling, harsh chemicals, and excessive pulling or brushing. Follow these tips to minimize damage and preserve the health of your hair:
- Avoid using high heat settings on styling tools, such as flat irons and curling irons
- Use heat protectant sprays before heat styling
- Choose gentle hair care products that are free of sulfates and harsh chemicals
- Detangle your hair using a wide-tooth comb or a brush designed for wet hair
- Avoid tight hairstyles and excessive pulling, as they can stress the hair follicles
By taking these steps to protect your transplanted hair, you can maintain its nourishment and promote optimal growth.
Nutrient | Food Sources |
---|---|
Amino Acids | Chicken, fish, eggs |
Iron and Antioxidants | Spinach, kale |
Vitamins A, C, and E | Berries, citrus fruits |
Healthy Fats | Nuts, avocados, olive oil |
Biotin and B Vitamins | Brown rice, quinoa |
Gentle Hair Care Practices
After undergoing a hair transplant, it is crucial to implement gentle hair care practices to avoid any damage or stress to the transplanted hair. By selecting the right hair products and techniques, you can maintain the growth and health of your transplanted hair.
Selecting the Right Hair Products
Choosing suitable hair products is key to post-transplant hair care. Look for products that are gentle, sulfate-free, and specifically formulated for delicate hair and sensitive scalps. Avoid using harsh shampoos and conditioners that may strip the hair of essential oils and cause irritation.
“Using gentle hair products helps to protect the fragile hair follicles and ensure optimal health and growth,” says Dr. Emily Johnson, a renowned hair transplant specialist.
When selecting hair styling products, opt for alcohol-free formulas to prevent drying out the hair. Styling products such as gels and hairsprays should be used sparingly and with caution to avoid build-up or weighing down the hair.
Proper Hair Washing Techniques
Washing your hair correctly is crucial for post-transplant hair care. Follow these steps for gentle and effective hair washing:
- Wet your hair gently using lukewarm water.
- Apply a small amount of the recommended gentle shampoo to your palms.
- Gently massage the shampoo onto your scalp using your fingertips, avoiding vigorous scrubbing.
- Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water, ensuring all shampoo is removed.
- Apply a small amount of conditioner, focusing on the ends of your hair rather than the scalp.
- Leave the conditioner on for the recommended time and rinse it out completely.
After washing, gently pat your hair dry with a soft towel. Avoid rubbing or vigorously towel-drying the hair, as this can cause friction and potential damage to the transplanted hair.
Protective Hairstyles
During the healing period after a hair transplant, it is essential to avoid hairstyles that pull or tug on the hair follicles. Opt for loose hairstyles that do not apply excessive tension to the scalp. Avoid tight ponytails, braids, or any hairstyles that create strain on the transplanted area.
“Protective hairstyles such as loose buns or gentle braids can help minimize stress on the hair follicles and aid in the healing process,” suggests hairstylist Sarah Thompson.
Additionally, using satin or silk pillowcases can reduce friction and help maintain the moisture in your hair during sleep.
Hair Care Do’s | Hair Care Don’ts |
---|---|
Use a wide-toothed comb or a soft-bristled brush to detangle your hair. | Avoid using heat-styling tools such as flat irons and curling irons, as excessive heat can damage the hair. |
Apply a small amount of leave-in conditioner or argan oil for added moisture and protection. | Avoid excessive brushing or combing, especially when the hair is wet, as it can lead to breakage. |
Protect your hair from the sun’s UV rays with a hat or scarf. | Refrain from using harsh chemical treatments such as perms or hair dyes until your hair has fully healed. |
By following these gentle hair care practices, you can ensure the health and longevity of your transplanted hair, allowing it to grow and thrive.
Sun Protection for Your Hair
Protecting your hair from harmful UV rays is crucial for maintaining healthy hair growth, especially after transplantation. The sun’s rays can damage the hair follicles and impede their growth. To ensure optimal growth and longevity of your transplanted hair, it’s essential to incorporate sun protection into your hair care routine.
The Importance of Sun Protection
Excessive exposure to the sun can lead to several issues that hinder hair growth, such as:
- UV Damage: The UV rays from the sun can cause oxidative stress on the hair, leading to dryness, brittleness, and breakage.
- Scalp Burns: Sunburns on the scalp can result in inflammation, itching, and irritation, which can disrupt the hair growth cycle.
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Transplanted hair may be more susceptible to developing hyperpigmentation when exposed to the sun, which can affect the appearance of the hairline.
By taking proper sun protection measures, you can minimize these risks and ensure the health and growth of your transplanted hair.
Tips for Protecting Your Transplanted Hair from the Sun
Here are some essential tips to safeguard your transplanted hair from the harmful effects of the sun:
- Wear a Hat: Use a wide-brimmed hat or a cap to shield your scalp and hair from direct exposure to the sun’s rays. This will provide an extra layer of protection and help prevent sunburn.
- Use a Scarf or Bandana: If hats aren’t your style, you can opt for a scarf or bandana to cover your head and protect your hair from the sun. Choose lightweight and breathable fabrics that won’t cause excessive heat buildup.
- Apply a UV-Protective Hair Spray or Serum: Look for hair products specifically formulated with UV protection. These sprays or serums help create a barrier between your hair and the sun, reducing the risk of damage.
“Remember, prevention is the key to maintaining healthy hair growth after transplantation. By incorporating sun protection into your hair care routine, you can preserve the integrity of your transplanted hair and promote optimal growth.”
Additionally, it’s important to note that avoiding direct sunlight during peak hours (typically between 10 am and 4 pm) can further minimize the risk of sun damage to your hair and scalp. Find shade whenever possible or consider using umbrellas or parasols to create your own shade.
To recap, protecting your transplanted hair from the sun is crucial for promoting healthy hair growth. By following these tips and incorporating sun protection into your hair care routine, you can preserve the integrity of your transplanted hair and enjoy the full benefits of your hair transplant.
Natural Remedies for Faster Hair Growth
When it comes to promoting faster hair growth, natural remedies can be a game-changer. These remedies work to nourish the scalp and hair follicles, stimulating growth and enhancing the overall health of your transplanted hair. In this section, we will explore some effective natural treatments that can help accelerate hair growth.
1. Scalp Massages with Essential Oils
Scalp massages are a simple yet effective way to increase blood circulation to the hair follicles, promoting faster hair growth. You can further enhance this technique by adding a few drops of essential oils such as lavender, rosemary, or peppermint. These oils not only provide a relaxing experience but also have properties that can stimulate hair growth.
Tip: Mix a few drops of your chosen essential oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, and gently massage it into your scalp. Leave it on for a few hours or overnight before washing it off.
2. Onion Juice for Hair Growth
Onion juice contains sulfur compounds that can improve blood circulation and stimulate hair follicles, leading to faster hair growth. Extract fresh onion juice and apply it directly to your scalp. Leave it on for 30 minutes and then rinse thoroughly. While the smell can be strong, the results are worth it.
Tip: You can also mix onion juice with other ingredients like honey or olive oil for added nourishment and a more pleasant scent.
3. Aloe Vera Gel for Hair Health
Aloe vera gel is known for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It can also help stimulate hair growth and maintain the health of your transplanted hair. Extract fresh aloe vera gel or use a high-quality commercial product. Apply the gel directly to your scalp and massage gently. Leave it on for a few hours or overnight before rinsing.
4. Green Tea Rinse for Hair Strengthening
Green tea is rich in antioxidants that help fight free radicals and promote hair growth. Prepare a cup of green tea and let it cool. Use it as a final rinse after shampooing your hair. The natural compounds in green tea can strengthen your hair, preventing breakage and promoting healthier, faster growth.
5. Dietary Changes for Hair Health
What you eat can have a significant impact on your hair growth. Ensure you have a well-balanced diet that includes proteins, vitamins, and minerals essential for healthy hair. Foods rich in biotin, like eggs and almonds, and those high in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon and walnuts, can particularly support hair growth.
Incorporating these natural remedies into your hair care routine can help accelerate the growth of your transplanted hair. Remember to be consistent and patient, as it may take some time to see noticeable results. Combine these remedies with proper post-transplant care for optimal hair growth.
Improving Blood Circulation to the Scalp
One of the key factors in speeding up hair growth after a transplant is improving blood circulation to the scalp. Good blood flow ensures that the hair follicles receive an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, essential for promoting healthy hair growth.
There are several methods you can incorporate into your routine to enhance blood circulation to the scalp:
- Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity on a regular basis can significantly improve blood circulation throughout the body, including the scalp. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise, such as brisk walking or jogging, most days of the week.
- Scalp Massages: Gently massaging your scalp can stimulate blood flow and enhance hair growth. Use your fingertips to apply gentle pressure in circular motions, focusing on the areas where the hair transplant has been performed. Repeat this massage for a few minutes daily.
- Hot Oil Treatments: Hot oil treatments have been used for years to improve scalp health and blood circulation. Warm up your preferred oil, such as coconut or olive oil, and massage it into your scalp. Cover your head with a shower cap and leave it on for 30 minutes before shampooing it off.
- Niacin Supplements: Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, has been found to enhance blood circulation. Consult with your healthcare professional before incorporating niacin supplements into your routine.
By incorporating these methods into your daily routine, you can promote better blood circulation to the scalp, boosting the growth of your transplanted hair.
Method | Description |
---|---|
Regular Exercise | Engage in 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise, such as brisk walking or jogging, most days of the week. |
Scalp Massages | Gently massage your scalp in circular motions, focusing on the areas where the hair transplant has been performed, for a few minutes daily. |
Hot Oil Treatments | Massage warm oil into your scalp, cover with a shower cap, leave it on for 30 minutes, and then shampoo it off. |
Niacin Supplements | Consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating niacin supplements into your routine. |
The Role of Essential Oils in Hair Growth
Essential oils have been trusted for centuries as natural remedies for promoting hair growth, and they can play a significant role in accelerating the growth of transplanted hair. These oils are derived from various plants and contain powerful compounds that nourish and stimulate the hair follicles, encouraging healthier and faster growth.
When it comes to promoting hair growth after transplantation, essential oils offer multiple benefits. They stimulate blood circulation to the scalp, provide essential nutrients, and strengthen the hair follicles. Additionally, many essential oils have antimicrobial properties that help keep the scalp healthy and free from infections.
Choosing the Right Essential Oils
There are several essential oils known for their effectiveness in promoting hair growth. Here are a few popular options:
- Rosemary Oil: This oil stimulates blood flow to the scalp and strengthens hair follicles, promoting faster hair growth.
- Lavender Oil: Known for its calming aroma, lavender oil also has properties that promote hair growth and reduce hair loss.
- Peppermint Oil: With its refreshing scent, peppermint oil improves blood circulation, which can accelerate hair growth.
- Cedarwood Oil: Cedarwood oil helps balance oil production, making it suitable for both dry and oily scalps. It also stimulates hair growth.
- Jojoba Oil: While technically not an essential oil, jojoba oil is often used as a carrier oil due to its ability to moisturize and nourish the scalp.
These essential oils can be used individually or in combination to create potent blends for promoting hair growth.
Incorporating Essential Oils into Your Hair Care Routine
There are multiple ways to incorporate essential oils into your hair care routine:
- Scalp Massage: Dilute a few drops of your chosen essential oil with a carrier oil, such as jojoba or coconut oil, and gently massage it into your scalp for a few minutes. This helps improve blood circulation and promotes the absorption of essential oil nutrients.
- Hot Oil Treatment: Mix a few drops of essential oil with a carrier oil, warm the mixture, and apply it to your scalp. Cover your head with a shower cap and leave the oil on for 30 minutes before rinsing. This deep conditioning treatment nourishes the hair and stimulates growth.
- Add to Shampoo or Conditioner: Add a few drops of essential oil to your regular shampoo or conditioner to enhance its effectiveness in promoting hair growth. Ensure the oil is evenly distributed throughout your hair.
However, it is essential to note that essential oils are highly concentrated and potent. Always dilute them with a carrier oil and perform a patch test before using them to avoid any allergic reactions or scalp irritation.
Hair Growth Supplements
When it comes to boosting the growth of your transplanted hair, hair growth supplements can be a valuable addition to your hair care routine. These supplements are formulated with essential vitamins, minerals, and nutrients that support hair health and promote faster growth.
There are various types of hair growth supplements available in the market, each offering unique benefits. Let’s explore some of the most effective supplements and how they can help nourish and stimulate the growth of your transplanted hair:
Vitamin-based supplements
One popular category of hair growth supplements is those enriched with essential vitamins, such as biotin, vitamins A, C, and E, and B-complex vitamins. These vitamins play a crucial role in maintaining the health of your hair follicles and supporting hair growth.
Mineral-rich supplements
Minerals like iron, zinc, and selenium are vital for healthy hair growth. Hair growth supplements that contain these minerals can help prevent hair loss, strengthen hair strands, and promote overall hair health.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to improve scalp health. Supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil or flaxseed oil, can enhance the condition of your scalp, promoting healthier hair growth.
Collagen supplements
Collagen is a protein found in abundance throughout the body, including the scalp and hair follicles. Supplementing with collagen can strengthen and improve the overall health of your hair, reducing breakage and promoting new hair growth.
Remember, while hair growth supplements can be beneficial, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional or a trichologist before incorporating them into your routine. They can help determine the right supplement for your specific hair needs and guide you on the appropriate dosage.
In addition to hair growth supplements, combining these with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and proper hair care practices can further enhance the growth and health of your transplanted hair.
Supplement Type | Key Benefits | Recommended Dosage |
---|---|---|
Vitamin-based | Supports hair follicle health, promotes growth | Follow label instructions or healthcare professional’s recommendation |
Mineral-rich | Strengthens hair strands, prevents hair loss | Follow label instructions or healthcare professional’s recommendation |
Omega-3 fatty acids | Improves scalp health, promotes healthier hair growth | Follow label instructions or healthcare professional’s recommendation |
Collagen | Strengthens hair, reduces breakage | Follow label instructions or healthcare professional’s recommendation |
Conclusion
By implementing these expert tips and techniques, you can accelerate the growth of your transplanted hair, achieving a fuller and healthier look. Incorporating these strategies into your daily routine will maximize the results of your hair transplant.
Proper post-transplant hair care is essential in promoting hair growth. Follow the recommended care routines and precautions to ensure optimal recovery and hair health.
In addition, scalp massage and stimulation techniques, along with nourishing your transplanted hair through a balanced diet and supplements, can further enhance hair growth. Remember to choose gentle hair care practices, protect your hair from the sun’s harmful rays, and improve blood circulation to the scalp for optimal results.
Don’t forget the power of natural remedies and essential oils in stimulating hair growth. Incorporating these into your hair care routine, along with hair growth supplements, can provide additional support to your transplanted hair’s growth journey.
FAQ
How long does it take for transplanted hair to start growing?
Transplanted hair typically starts growing within 3 to 4 months after the procedure. However, full results may take up to 12 months to become visible as the hair goes through its natural growth cycle.
Can I use hair products on my transplanted hair?
It is important to avoid using any hair products, including shampoos, conditioners, or styling products, for the first 10 days after the transplant. After that, you can slowly reintroduce gentle products that do not contain harsh chemicals or irritants. Consult with your surgeon for specific product recommendations.
Are there any specific diet or nutritional requirements for promoting hair growth after transplantation?
While there are no specific dietary requirements, maintaining a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and protein can support healthy hair growth. Foods like fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains can provide the necessary nutrients. Additionally, you may consider incorporating hair growth supplements into your routine after consulting with your healthcare professional.
How often should I massage my scalp for better hair growth?
Massaging your scalp for at least 5 minutes every day can help improve blood circulation to the hair follicles, promoting hair growth. You can use your fingers or a soft brush to gently massage the scalp in circular motions.
Can exposure to the sun affect the growth of transplanted hair?
Prolonged exposure to the sun’s UV rays can damage both natural and transplanted hair. It is important to protect your hair from the sun by wearing a hat or using a sunscreen spray specifically formulated for the scalp, especially during peak sun hours.
Are there any natural remedies that can help accelerate hair growth after transplantation?
Yes, there are several natural remedies that can help promote hair growth. Some popular options include applying aloe vera gel, onion juice, or coconut oil to the scalp. These remedies can provide nourishment and stimulate hair follicles.
Are there any specific essential oils that can aid in hair growth?
Yes, certain essential oils have been found to promote hair growth. Hair-friendly oils like rosemary, lavender, peppermint, and cedarwood can be diluted with a carrier oil, such as jojoba or coconut oil, and gently massaged into the scalp to stimulate hair follicles.
Do hair growth supplements actually work?
Hair growth supplements can help support the overall health and growth of your transplanted hair. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplements to ensure they are safe and suitable for your specific needs.
Is it safe to perform physical exercise after a hair transplant?
It is generally safe to engage in light physical activities like walking or stretching a few days after your hair transplant. However, avoid any strenuous exercise or activities that may cause sweating or rubbing of the transplanted area for at least 2 weeks to allow proper healing.
Can I color or dye my transplanted hair?
It is advisable to wait at least 4 weeks before coloring or dyeing your transplanted hair. This allows the hair follicles to fully heal and reduces the risk of any potential damage. Consult with your transplant surgeon for personalized advice.