Understanding Hair Transplant Procedures

Achieving Long Hair After Hair Transplant

Understanding Hair Transplant Procedures

Understanding Hair Transplant Procedures Welcome to our comprehensive guide on hair transplant procedures. If you’re curious about how stuff works in a hair transplant or considering undergoing the hair transplantation process yourself, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of hair transplant surgery, explaining the techniques involved and the overall process.

Key Takeaways:

  • Learn about the surgical techniques used in hair transplant procedures.
  • Understand the overall process of hair transplantation, from consultation to post-surgery care.
  • Discover the different options available for those seeking hair restoration.
  • Gain insights into assessing hair loss and the expected outcomes of hair restoration.
  • Find out how to prepare for a hair transplant and ensure a healthy recovery.

Hair Transplant Options

When it comes to hair loss treatmenthair restoration, and hair transplant procedures, individuals have a range of options available to them. Understanding these options is crucial in making an informed decision about the best approach for their unique needs.

1. Medications

One non-surgical option for hair loss treatment is the use of medications such as minoxidil (Rogaine) and finasteride (Propecia). These medications work by stimulating hair growth and slowing down hair loss. While they can be effective for some individuals, it’s important to note that they may not work for everyone.

2. Scalp Micropigmentation

Scalp micropigmentation is a non-surgical procedure that involves tattooing tiny dots on the scalp to mimic the appearance of hair follicles. This technique is especially effective for individuals who prefer a buzz-cut or shaved head look. However, it does not provide actual hair growth.

3. Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is a non-invasive treatment option that uses low-level laser light to stimulate hair growth. This procedure can be done at home using handheld devices or in specialized clinics. It is important to note that laser therapy may not work for everyone and results may vary.

4. Hair Transplant Procedure

hair transplant procedure is a surgical option for hair restoration. It involves removing hair follicles from one part of the body (usually the back or sides of the head) and transplanting them to the areas experiencing hair loss. The transplanted hair then grows naturally, providing a permanent solution to hair loss.

To understand the overall hair transplant procedure, let’s break it down into key steps:

  1. Consultation: The first step of the hair transplant process involves a consultation with a hair transplant specialist. During this consultation, the specialist will assess the extent of hair loss, determine the donor area, and discuss the expected outcome of the procedure.
  2. Preparation: Before the surgery, the patient may be advised to follow certain instructions such as avoiding blood-thinning medications and alcohol. The patient’s scalp will also be prepared for the surgery.
  3. Extraction: The hair follicles are extracted from the donor area using either the follicular unit transplantation (FUT) or follicular unit extraction (FUE) method. FUT involves removing a strip of scalp and dissecting it into individual grafts, while FUE involves extracting individual follicles one by one.
  4. Graft Placement: The extracted hair follicles are then carefully placed in the recipient areas of the scalp. The surgeon meticulously considers the angle, direction, and density to achieve natural-looking results.
  5. Post-Surgery Care: After the procedure, the patient will be given post-operative instructions. This includes information on how to care for the scalp, medications to take, and what to expect during the recovery process.

It’s important to note that while a hair transplant procedure can provide excellent results, individual experiences may vary. The success of the procedure depends on factors such as the quality of the donor hair, the expertise of the surgeon, and the patient’s overall health.

Treatment Option Benefits Limitations
Medications – Stimulate hair growth
– Slow down hair loss
– May not work for everyone
– Requires ongoing use
Scalp Micropigmentation – Provides the appearance of hair
– Suitable for buzz-cut or shaved look
– Does not provide actual hair growth
– May require touch-ups over time
Laser Therapy – Stimulates hair growth
– Non-invasive
– Results may vary
– Requires consistent use
Hair Transplant Procedure – Provides permanent hair restoration
– Natural-looking results
– Surgical procedure
– Cost considerations

Assessing Hair Loss

In the hair transplantation process, assessing hair loss is a crucial step before a hair transplant can be performed. Understanding the different stages of hair loss and evaluating them accurately are essential for determining the appropriate treatment plan. Additionally, before and after comparisons provide insights into the expected outcomes of hair restoration.

Hair loss can progress through several stages, ranging from mild thinning to complete baldness. Each stage requires a customized approach to achieve optimal results. By identifying the current stage of hair loss, specialists can recommend the most suitable hair transplant procedure and set realistic expectations for the individual.

One of the common methods used to assess hair loss is the Norwood Scale. This scale classifies hair loss patterns in men, helping to determine the stage and severity of hair loss. The Ludwig Scale, on the other hand, is used for assessing hair loss in women. By using these scales, medical professionals can better understand the extent of hair loss and formulate a targeted treatment plan.

Before and after comparisons play a vital role in showcasing the effectiveness of hair restoration procedures. These comparisons allow individuals to visualize the potential outcomes and understand how their appearance may change after completing the hair transplant process. Real-life examples of successful hair transplants can instill confidence in those considering the procedure.

Understanding Hair Loss Stages

There are generally seven stages of hair loss in men, as defined by the Norwood Scale:

  1. Stage 1: No significant hair loss or receding hairline
  2. Stage 2: Slight recession of the hairline
  3. Stage 3: Further recession of the hairline with possible thinning in the crown area
  4. Stage 4: Prominent hairline recession with significant crown thinning
  5. Stage 5: More extensive hair loss with the separation between the front and crown areas
  6. Stage 6: Advanced hair loss with a thin bridge of hair remaining between the front and crown areas
  7. Stage 7: Severe hair loss, with only a horseshoe-shaped fringe of hair at the back and sides of the head

In women, hair loss is commonly classified according to the Ludwig Scale:

  1. Stage 1: Minimal hair thinning, typically noticeable along the center parting
  2. Stage 2: Increased hair thinning, resulting in wider gaps along the parting
  3. Stage 3: Significant thinning across the crown area, creating a broader parting

By assessing the stage of hair loss accurately, a skilled hair transplant specialist can recommend the most appropriate treatment plan, whether it involves follicular unit transplantation (FUT) or follicular unit extraction (FUE). This assessment also helps manage expectations and provides individuals with a clearer understanding of the potential before and after transformation.

Preparing for a Hair Transplant

Prior to undergoing a hair transplant, proper preparation is crucial. By following the necessary steps, you can ensure a smooth and successful procedure. This section will outline the pre-operative instructions, including any required lifestyle changes and medications, as well as provide guidance for a healthy recovery.

Preparing for a hair transplant involves more than just scheduling the procedure. There are several factors to consider in order to optimize the outcome and minimize potential complications. Let’s take a closer look at the essential steps for a successful hair transplant process.

1. Consultation with a Hair Transplant Specialist

Your journey towards a hair transplant begins with an initial consultation with a skilled and experienced hair transplant specialist. During this consultation, you will discuss your expectations, medical history, and any concerns or questions you may have. The specialist will carefully evaluate your hair loss pattern, determine the extent of grafts required, and recommend the most suitable hair transplant technique for you.

2. Follow Pre-Operative Instructions

Prior to the procedure, you will receive detailed pre-operative instructions from your hair transplant surgeon. These instructions may include:

  • Avoiding certain medications or herbal supplements that can increase bleeding or interfere with anesthesia.
  • Stopping smoking, as it can impair the healing process.
  • Restricting the consumption of alcohol, as it can negatively affect the outcomes.
  • Discussing any existing medical conditions or allergies with your surgeon.
  • Arranging transportation to and from the clinic, as you may be sedated during the procedure.

3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle can contribute to a successful hair transplant procedure and aid in the recovery process. It is important to:

  • Eat a nutritious diet rich in vitamins and minerals that promote hair growth.
  • Stay well-hydrated to support healing and overall health.
  • Get plenty of rest in the days leading up to the procedure.
  • Minimize stress levels, as stress can potentially affect the outcome.

4. Plan for Hair Transplant Recovery

Recovery after a hair transplant is a critical phase that requires special care and attention. By planning ahead, you can ensure a smoother recovery process. Some important considerations include:

  • Arranging time off work or personal commitments to allow for proper rest and healing.
  • Creating a comfortable and clean recovery space at home.
  • Following the post-operative instructions provided by your surgeon, which may include medication, cleaning protocols, and limitations on physical activities.
  • Scheduling follow-up appointments with your surgeon to monitor progress and address any concerns.

By following these pre-operative and post-operative guidelines, you can optimize the outcomes of your hair transplant and promote a healthy recovery.

The Hair Transplant Procedure

In this section, we will provide a detailed overview of the hair transplant procedure, showcasing the intricacies of the surgical process and the techniques employed to achieve hair restoration. With a focus on both follicular unit transplantation (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE), we aim to give you a comprehensive understanding of the steps involved in the hair transplantation process.

Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT)

Follicular unit transplantation is a surgical technique used in hair transplantation procedures. It involves the removal of a thin strip of hair-bearing skin from the donor area, typically the back or sides of the head, under local anesthesia. The donor strip is then dissected into individual follicular units, which contain 1 to 4 hairs each. These follicular units are carefully placed in recipient sites on the bald or thinning areas of the scalp, creating a natural-looking hairline and density.

Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)

Follicular unit extraction is another surgical method for hair restoration. Unlike FUT, FUE does not require the removal of a strip of skin. Instead, individual hair follicles are extracted directly from the donor area using a specialized punch tool. The extracted follicles are then implanted into the recipient sites, following the same principles of creating a natural-looking hairline and density.

Both FUT and FUE have their advantages and considerations, and the choice between the two techniques depends on factors such as the patient’s hair characteristics, desired results, and the surgeon’s expertise.

To illustrate the intricate nature of graft placement, let’s take a closer look at the surgical process:

  1. Preparation: Before the hair transplant surgery, the donor and recipient areas are marked, and the patient is given local anesthesia to minimize discomfort during the procedure.
  2. Donor Hair Extraction: In FUT, a thin strip of hair-bearing skin is removed from the donor area. In FUE, individual hair follicles are extracted using a punch tool.
  3. Follicular Unit Dissection: In both FUT and FUE, the extracted hair follicles are carefully dissected into individual grafts containing 1 to 4 hairs each.
  4. Recipient Site Creation: Tiny incisions are made in the recipient area, following the natural hairline and angle, to create the recipient sites for graft placement.
  5. Graft Placement: The harvested follicular units are inserted into the recipient sites, ensuring a meticulous and artful arrangement that mimics natural hair growth patterns.
  6. Post-Procedure Care: After the hair transplant surgery, specific post-operative instructions are provided to the patient to facilitate proper healing and maximize the success of the procedure.

It is important to note that the length of the hair transplant procedure can vary depending on the extent of hair loss and the number of grafts required. However, advancements in surgical techniques and technology have significantly reduced the overall procedure time.

Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)
Procedure Time 4-8 hours 6-12 hours
Scarring Linear scar at donor area Tiny circular scars scattered in donor area
Downtime 2-3 weeks for the scar to heal Minimal downtime, tiny scars that heal quickly
Suitability Ideal for patients with sufficient donor hair and those looking for maximal hair density Ideal for patients who prefer shorter haircuts and minimal scarring

As with any surgical procedure, it is crucial to consult with a qualified and experienced hair transplant surgeon who can assess your individual case and provide personalized recommendations.

Understanding Hair Transplant Costs

Cost is an important consideration when it comes to hair transplant procedures. The overall cost of a hair transplant can vary depending on several factors, including:

    1. The extent of hair loss:

The more extensive the hair loss, the more grafts will be required to achieve the desired results. This can increase the overall cost of the procedure.

    1. The number of grafts required:

A graft refers to a group of hair follicles. The number of grafts needed will depend on the size of the balding or thinning area. More grafts mean a higher cost.

    1. The chosen surgical technique:

There are different surgical techniques for hair transplantation, such as follicular unit transplantation (FUT) and follicular unit extraction (FUE). The cost may vary depending on the technique chosen.

It’s important to consult with a qualified hair transplant specialist to determine the exact cost based on your specific needs and goals. They will assess your hair loss condition, discuss your expectations, and provide you with a personalized cost estimate.

For your reference, here is a table comparing the average cost ranges for hair transplant procedures:

Procedure Average Cost Range
Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) $4,000 – $15,000
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) $5,000 – $20,000
Robotic Hair Transplant $7,000 – $20,000

Please note that these are average cost ranges and can vary significantly depending on the factors mentioned earlier.

Financing Options and Insurance Coverage

If the cost of a hair transplant procedure is a concern, there are several financing options available to help make it more affordable. Many clinics offer payment plans or financing options to break down the cost into manageable installments.

It’s important to check with your insurance provider to see if they cover any portion of the hair transplant cost. While some insurance companies may consider hair transplantation as a cosmetic procedure, others may provide coverage if it is deemed medically necessary, such as in cases of hair loss resulting from a medical condition or trauma.

In conclusion, understanding the various factors that contribute to the cost of a hair transplant procedure is essential. By consulting with a hair transplant specialist and exploring financing options, you can make an informed decision based on your individual needs and budget.

Hair Transplant Recovery and Aftercare

After undergoing a hair transplant, proper recovery and aftercare are crucial for achieving optimal results. Following the hair transplantation process, here’s what you can expect during the healing process and ways to promote healthy hair growth.

Post-Surgery Care Instructions

After your hair transplant surgery, it’s important to follow the post-surgery care instructions provided by your surgeon. These instructions may include:

  • Avoiding direct sunlight and wearing a hat
  • Avoiding strenuous activities and exercise
  • Gently washing your scalp with a mild shampoo
  • Avoiding the use of hair styling products and heat styling tools

Healing Process and Potential Side Effects

During the early stages of the hair transplant recovery, you may experience some common side effects, such as:

  • Swelling and bruising around the transplant area
  • Scabbing and itching on the scalp

These side effects are typically temporary and subside within a few weeks.

Promoting Healthy Hair Growth

To ensure successful hair transplant results and promote healthy hair growth, consider the following aftercare tips:

  • Follow a nutritious diet that includes foods rich in vitamins and minerals essential for hair health
  • Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
  • Avoid exposing your scalp to extreme temperatures or harsh chemicals
  • Practice stress management techniques to reduce hair loss caused by stress
  • Follow up with your surgeon for regular check-ups to monitor progress

Remember, patience is key during the hair transplant recovery process. It takes time for the transplanted hair follicles to fully grow, and visible results may take several months. By following the post-surgery care instructions and adopting a healthy lifestyle, you can maximize the success of your hair transplant procedure and enjoy natural-looking, fuller hair.

Potential Risks and Complications

Like any surgical procedure, hair transplants carry risks. It is important to be aware of these potential risks and complications before undergoing a hair transplant. By understanding these risks, you can make an informed decision and take necessary precautions to minimize them.

  1. Infection

    One of the primary risks associated with hair transplant procedures is the risk of infection. The surgical process involves creating tiny incisions in the scalp, which can potentially introduce bacteria or other microorganisms. To minimize this risk, your surgeon will provide detailed instructions on how to care for the transplanted area and reduce the likelihood of infection.

  2. Excessive Bleeding

    During the hair transplant procedure, some bleeding is expected. However, in rare cases, excessive bleeding may occur. This can be caused by various factors, such as a patient’s medical condition or certain medications they may be taking. Your surgeon will carefully evaluate your medical history and provide guidance to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.

  3. Scarring

    Scarring is an inherent risk of any surgical procedure, including hair transplants. The extent of scarring can vary based on individual factors such as the technique used and the body’s healing process. Skilled surgeons employ advanced techniques to minimize scarring, such as using tiny incisions or utilizing robotic-assisted technology.

  4. Unnatural-Looking Results

    While hair transplants can produce natural-looking results, there is a risk of the outcome appearing unnatural. This can occur if the transplanted hairs are not properly positioned or if the density of the transplanted area is not well-matched with the surrounding hair. To minimize this risk, it is crucial to choose an experienced and skilled surgeon who can create a natural-looking hairline and ensure proper graft placement.

  5. Delayed Hair Growth

    After a hair transplant, it is common for the transplanted hairs to undergo a shedding phase before regrowing. However, in some cases, there may be a delay in hair regrowth or the hair may not fully regrow. This can be influenced by factors such as individual biology, underlying medical conditions, or incorrect post-operative care. Following your surgeon’s instructions and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help promote optimal hair growth after the procedure.

It’s important to note that while these risks exist, they are generally rare. By selecting a reputable surgeon and following all pre-operative and post-operative instructions, the likelihood of experiencing complications can be minimized.

Risks and Complications Likelihood
Infection Moderate
Excessive Bleeding Rare
Scarring Common
Unnatural-Looking Results Rare
Delayed Hair Growth Moderate

Exploring Alternative Hair Loss Treatments

While hair transplants are a popular choice for hair restoration, there are alternative treatments available for individuals seeking non-surgical options. These alternatives provide a range of choices for hair loss treatment, including medications, scalp micropigmentation, and laser therapy. In this section, we will explore the effectiveness, benefits, and limitations of these alternative treatments.

Medications for Hair Loss

One common non-surgical treatment for hair loss is the use of medications. These medications are typically prescribed to slow down hair loss and promote hair growth. One such medication is minoxidil, which is available as a topical solution or foam. Minoxidil is applied directly to the scalp and can help stimulate hair follicles, leading to increased hair growth. Another medication, finasteride, is taken orally and works by reducing the production of hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is known to contribute to hair loss.

Scalp Micropigmentation

Scalp micropigmentation (SMP) is a non-invasive treatment option that involves the application of specialized pigments to the scalp. This technique creates the illusion of a full head of hair by replicating the appearance of hair follicles. SMP is an effective solution for individuals with minimal hair loss or those who prefer a shaved or buzzed hairstyle. It can also be used in conjunction with a hair transplant to enhance the overall appearance of density and thickness.

Laser Therapy for Hair Loss

Laser therapy is another non-surgical alternative for hair loss treatment. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) uses red light wavelengths to stimulate hair follicles and promote hair growth. This treatment is typically administered through devices such as laser combs or caps. LLLT is a convenient and painless option, and it can be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other hair loss treatments.

“The effectiveness of alternative hair loss treatments can vary from person to person. It’s important to consult with a qualified medical professional to determine the most suitable treatment option based on individual needs and hair loss condition.”

It is worth noting that while these alternative treatments may be effective for some individuals, they may not provide the same long-term results as a hair transplant. Hair transplantation remains the most reliable and permanent solution for hair restoration, especially for individuals with advanced hair loss. However, for those who are not suitable candidates for surgery or prefer non-surgical approaches, these alternative treatments can be viable options to explore.

When considering alternative hair loss treatments, it is crucial to consult with a qualified medical professional. They can assess your specific hair loss condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Understanding Long-Term Hair Transplant Results

Once you’ve undergone a hair transplant, it’s important to understand the long-term results and how your transplanted hair will grow. Here, we will discuss the growth timeline, how to maintain the results achieved, and address common misconceptions about hair transplant outcomes.

How Transplanted Hair Grows

After a hair transplant, the transplanted hair follicles go through a natural growth cycle. Initially, the transplanted hair may shed within the first few weeks. This is a normal part of the process and does not indicate a failed transplant. New hair growth typically starts within a few months, with gradual improvement over the following months.

It’s important to note that the transplanted hair will mimic the growth pattern of your natural hair. This means that as time passes, the hair will continue to grow, requiring regular trims and styling.

Timeline of Hair Growth

The timeline of hair growth after a transplant varies from person to person. Typically, you can expect to see initial growth within 3 to 6 months after the procedure. However, it may take up to a year or more for the full results to become visible.

During the initial months, the transplanted hair may appear thin or sparse. This is normal and should not cause concern. Over time, the hair will continue to thicken and become more robust, leading to a natural-looking result.

Maintaining the Results

To maintain the results achieved through a hair transplant, it’s important to follow proper hair care and maintenance practices. This includes gentle handling of the hair, avoiding excessive heat styling or chemical treatments, and using appropriate hair care products.

Regular visits to your hair transplant surgeon for follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor your progress. They can provide guidance on maintaining the health and appearance of both the transplanted and existing hair.

Common Misconceptions

“Hair transplants look unnatural.”

Contrary to popular belief, modern hair transplant procedures yield natural-looking results. Skilled surgeons utilize advanced techniques to ensure that the transplanted hair blends seamlessly with your existing hair, creating a natural and undetectable appearance.

“Transplanted hair will never fall out.”

While transplanted hair is resistant to hair loss caused by genetic factors, it is still susceptible to other forms of hair loss, such as those caused by medical conditions or medications. It’s vital to follow up with your surgeon to monitor any changes in the hair.

“A hair transplant guarantees perfect coverage.”

The success of a hair transplant can vary depending on various factors, including the extent of hair loss and the number of grafts required. It’s essential to have realistic expectations and consult with your surgeon to understand the potential outcomes based on your individual situation.

Myth Fact
Hair transplants look unnatural. Modern techniques ensure natural-looking results.
Transplanted hair will never fall out. Transplanted hair is resistant to genetic hair loss, but other factors can still cause hair loss.
A hair transplant guarantees perfect coverage. The success of a hair transplant depends on various factors and may not achieve perfect coverage.

Conclusion

Throughout this guide, we have provided a comprehensive understanding of how hair transplant procedures work and the journey towards hair restoration. Whether you are experiencing thinning hair or partial to complete baldness, a hair transplant can be a life-changing solution to regain your confidence and a natural-looking hairline.

By exploring the various options for hair loss treatment, understanding the assessment process, and preparing for a hair transplant, you can embark on your transformation with clarity and confidence. The procedure itself, including the surgical techniques and graft placement, plays a crucial role in achieving successful results.

After the hair transplant surgery, proper recovery and aftercare are essential for optimal outcomes. By following the post-surgery care instructions and being mindful of potential risks and complications, you can navigate the healing process and promote healthy hair growth. Moreover, it is important to understand that hair transplant results are long-term and require maintenance to ensure continued satisfaction.

FAQ

How does hair transplantation work?

Hair transplantation involves harvesting hair follicles from donor areas and transplanting them to areas with thinning or no hair. This is achieved through either follicular unit transplantation (FUT) or follicular unit extraction (FUE) techniques.

What are the different hair loss treatment options available?

Apart from hair transplantation, other hair loss treatment options include medications, scalp micropigmentation, and laser therapy. These alternatives vary in effectiveness and are often used for less severe cases of hair loss.

How is hair loss assessed before a hair transplant?

Hair loss is assessed by examining the extent of hair loss, evaluating the donor area, and determining the number of grafts needed. Before and after comparisons are used to provide an understanding of the expected outcome of hair restoration.

What should I do to prepare for a hair transplant?

To prepare for a hair transplant, follow your surgeon’s pre-operative instructions. This may include avoiding certain medications, quitting smoking, and adjusting your lifestyle habits. Proper preparation is crucial for a successful procedure and recovery.

What happens during the hair transplant procedure?

During the hair transplant procedure, hair follicles are harvested from the donor area and carefully transplanted to the recipient area. The surgical technique used may be FUT or FUE, depending on individual circumstances and preferences.

How much does a hair transplant cost?

The cost of a hair transplant varies depending on factors such as the extent of hair loss, the number of grafts needed, and the chosen surgical technique. It is best to consult with a hair transplant clinic to get an accurate assessment of the cost for your specific case.

What is the recovery process like after a hair transplant?

After a hair transplant, proper recovery and aftercare are important for optimal results. You can expect some swelling and scabbing initially, but this will subside over time. Following your surgeon’s post-surgery care instructions is crucial to ensure a healthy recovery.

Are there any risks or complications associated with hair transplants?

Like any surgical procedure, hair transplants carry some risks. These can include infection, scarring, and failed grafts. However, with a skilled and experienced surgeon, these risks can be minimized. It is important to carefully follow your surgeon’s advice to reduce the chance of complications.

Are there financing options available for hair transplant procedures?

Some hair transplant clinics offer financing options to help patients manage the cost of the procedure. It is recommended to inquire about financing options during your consultation to determine what options are available to you.

Are there alternative treatments for hair loss besides hair transplants?

Yes, there are alternative treatments for hair loss, such as medications, scalp micropigmentation, and laser therapy. These options are often used for individuals with less severe hair loss or those who prefer non-surgical approaches. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of these alternatives can vary.

What can I expect in terms of long-term hair transplant results?

Hair transplant results can take time to fully manifest. Transplanted hair will go through a shedding phase before new hair begins to grow. It is important to follow post-operative care instructions and maintain a healthy lifestyle to optimize long-term results.

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